{"id":6052,"date":"2025-11-11T12:46:44","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T12:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nupurljlnu.com\/?p=6052"},"modified":"2025-11-11T12:46:45","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T12:46:45","slug":"list-of-doctrines-the-constitution-of-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nupurljlnu.com\/?p=6052","title":{"rendered":"LIST OF DOCTRINES &#8211; THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\ud83d\udcd8 <em>LIST OF DOCTRINES &#8211; THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Ejusdem Generis<\/em> \u2013 Means of the same kind. <em>(Article 12)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Ab Initio<\/em> \u2013 Means for the very beginning. <em>(Article 13)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Judicial Review<\/em> \u2013 A law is declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court or High Court if it contravenes any of the Fundamental Rights. <em>(Articles 13, 32, 226)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Eclipse<\/em> \u2013 The law which contravenes Fundamental Rights is not void ab initio; it remains in a morbid condition and unenforceable. It is not totally wiped out from the statute book. <em>(Article 13)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Severability<\/em> \u2013 The whole law is not void under Article 13; only that portion which contravenes Fundamental Rights is void, and the rest remains operative. <em>(Article 13)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Rule of Law<\/em> \u2013 It means supremacy of law and absence of arbitrary power. <em>(Article 14)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Principle of Reasonable Classification<\/em> \u2013 Equals cannot be treated unequally and unequals cannot be treated equally. <em>(Article 14)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Audi Alteram Partem<\/em> \u2013 Means no one should be condemned unheard. <em>(Articles 14, 21, 22)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Wednesbury Principle<\/em> \u2013 Used to adjudge the discretion provided to the executive under the statute. <em>(Article 14)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Lex Non a Rege Est Violanda<\/em> \u2013 Means the law must not be violated even by the king. <em>(Article 14)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Pari Passu<\/em> \u2013 Means on equal footing. <em>(Article 14)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Rex Quod Injustum Est Facere Non Potest<\/em> \u2013 Means the king cannot do what is unjust. <em>(Article 14)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Principle of Proportionality of Restrictions<\/em> \u2013 Restrictions should not be arbitrary or beyond what is required for achieving the object. <em>(Article 19)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Ex Post Facto<\/em> \u2013 A law which imposes penalty retrospectively. <em>(Article 20)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Double Jeopardy<\/em> \u2013 No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once. <em>(Article 20)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Nemo Debet Bis Vexari Pro Una et Eadem Causa<\/em> \u2013 Means a man shall not be vexed twice for one and the same cause. <em>(Article 20)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Nemobis Punitur Pro Eodem Delicto<\/em> \u2013 Means no one can be punished twice for the same offence. <em>(Article 20)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Autrefois Convict<\/em> \u2013 Refers to a defendant\u2019s plea that he has already been tried and convicted for the same offence. <em>(Article 20)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Nova Constitutio Futuris Formam Imponere Debet, Non Praeteritis<\/em> \u2013 Means a new law ought to be prospective and not retrospective in operation. <em>(Article 20)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Self-Incrimination<\/em> \u2013 No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. <em>(Article 20)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Nemo Tenetur Prodere Accusare Seipsum<\/em> \u2013 Means no man is bound to accuse himself. <em>(Article 20)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Nemo Punitur Pro Alieno Delicto<\/em> \u2013 Means no one is to be punished for the crime or wrong of another. <em>(Article 20)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Ubi Jus Ibi Remedium<\/em> \u2013 Means where there is a right, there is a remedy. <em>(Article 21)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Rarest of the Rare<\/em> \u2013 Death penalty can only be given in rarest of rare cases. <em>(Article 21)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Public Trust<\/em> \u2013 Natural resources like air, water, etc. are meant for general use and cannot be limited by private ownership. <em>(Article 21)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Precautionary Principle<\/em> \u2013 The State and authorities must prevent and attack causes of environmental degradation. <em>(Article 21)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Polluter Pays Principle<\/em> \u2013 One who carries on hazardous activities is liable to make good the loss caused to another. <em>(Article 21)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Habeas Corpus<\/em> \u2013 Means you shall have the body. <em>(Articles 32, 226)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Locus Standi<\/em> \u2013 Refers to the right of a party to bring an action before the court. <em>(Articles 32, 226)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Mandamus<\/em> \u2013 Means we command. <em>(Articles 32, 226)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Quo Warranto<\/em> \u2013 Means by what authority. <em>(Articles 32, 226)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Certiorari<\/em> \u2013 A writ by which a higher court reviews a case tried in a lower court. <em>(Articles 32, 226)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Distributive Justice<\/em> \u2013 Ensures economic justice to minimize inequalities and promote welfare of the people. <em>(Articles 38, 39)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Principle of Collective Responsibility<\/em> \u2013 All members of the government are unanimous in support of its policies and actions. <em>(Article 75)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Principle of Individual Responsibility<\/em> \u2013 Each minister is responsible to the legislature for every action taken or omitted in his ministry. <em>(Article 75)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Sine Die<\/em> \u2013 Means without any future date being designated. <em>(Article 85)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Ad Hoc<\/em> \u2013 Means for the special purpose. <em>(Article 127)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Nunc Pro Tunc<\/em> \u2013 Means now for then. <em>(Article 136)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Stare Decisis<\/em> \u2013 Means to stand by precedents. <em>(Article 141)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Obiter Dicta<\/em> \u2013 Refers to observations made by a judge which are not essential for decision. (<em>Article 141)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Ratio Decidendi<\/em> \u2013 Means the reason for the decision given by the court. <em>(Article 141)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Principle of Consistency of Law<\/em> \u2013 A division bench ought to follow the earlier decision of a larger bench. <em>(Article 141)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Boni Judicis Est Ampliare Jurisdictionem<\/em> \u2013 Means it is part of a good judge to enlarge his jurisdiction. <em>(Article 226)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Theory of Territorial Nexus<\/em> \u2013 The State Legislature cannot make extra-territorial laws except when there is sufficient connection between the State and the subject matter. <em>(Article 245)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Plenary Power of Legislature<\/em> \u2013 Refers to the absolute power to enact laws, subject to constitutional limits. <em>(Article 246)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Ancillary or Incidental Power<\/em> \u2013 Means power to legislate on incidental or ancillary matters related to the main subject. <em>(Article 246)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Pith and Substance<\/em> \u2013 Used to determine the true nature or object of a legislation. <em>(Article 246)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Colorable Legislation<\/em> \u2013 Means what cannot be done directly cannot be done indirectly. <em>(Article 246)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Bona Vacantia<\/em> \u2013 Refers to goods without an owner. <em>(Article 296)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Eminent Domain<\/em> \u2013 Refers to the right of the State to acquire private property for public use with compensation. <em>(Article 300A)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Imperium in Imperio<\/em> \u2013 Means a sovereignty within a sovereignty. <em>(Article 324)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>In Foro Conscientiae<\/em> \u2013 Means in the form of conscience. <em>(Article 363)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Doctrine of Basic Structure<\/em> \u2013 States that the power of amendment cannot be exercised to take away or destroy the basic structure of the Constitution. <em>(Article 368)<\/em>..<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&eth;&#159;&#147;&#152; LIST OF DOCTRINES &ndash; THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>LIST OF DOCTRINES - THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA\u2026 - Nupurljlnu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nupurljlnu.com\/?p=6052\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LIST OF DOCTRINES - THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA\u2026 - Nupurljlnu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&eth;&#159;&#147;&#152; 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